Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition that causes areas of the skin to become darker than the surrounding skin. These dark patches can vary in size and appear anywhere on the body, but they are most often seen on the face, neck, hands, and arms. While it is generally harmless, it can be distressing for people who are concerned about their appearance or are unsure of the underlying cause.

Hyperpigmentation happens when the body produces too much melanin—the pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their color. Melanin is made by special skin cells called melanocytes. When these cells become overactive or damaged, they can produce excess melanin, which builds up in the skin and creates darker patches or spots. There are different types of hyperpigmentation. Each has its own cause and pattern.

What are the types and causes of hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation can develop for several different reasons. Some of the most common types include:

Who is at risk for hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation can affect people of all skin types and ages, but it tends to be more noticeable and persistent in people with medium to dark skin tones. This is because individuals with darker complexions naturally have more active melanocytes, which can produce more melanin in response to triggers.

Factors that may increase the risk of developing hyperpigmentation include:’

• Chronic sun exposure or use of tanning beds
• Inflammatory skin conditions such as acne or eczema
• Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy
• Use of medications known to affect skin pigmentation
• Skin trauma or injury
• Genetics and family history of pigmentation issues

How is hyperpigmentation diagnosed?

Hyperpigmentation is typically diagnosed through a physical examination by a dermatologist. The appearance of the discoloration, its location, and the patient’s medical and personal history help guide the diagnosis. Dr. Newsome may ask about sun exposure habits, use of skin care products, any recent injuries or infections, and whether the condition began during pregnancy or while using hormonal medication.

In most cases, a visual inspection is enough to determine the type of hyperpigmentation. However, to rule out other causes or confirm a diagnosis, she may use additional tools:

• Wood’s lamp examination: This special light helps the Doctor see how deep the pigment lies in the skin. Surface-level pigment is often easier to treat than pigment located deeper in the skin layers.
• Dermatoscopy: A dermatoscope is a handheld magnifying device that allows a close look at the pigmented area to evaluate patterns and color variations.
• Skin biopsy: In rare cases, when there is concern that a spot may be more than just a pigmentation issue, a small skin sample may be taken and analyzed under a microscope. This helps rule out skin cancer or other underlying conditions.

When to see a dermatologist?

Although most hyperpigmentation is harmless, it’s important to seek medical advice if:

• A dark spot or patch changes in size, shape, or color
• You notice itching, bleeding, or irregular borders on a pigmented area
• You develop dark patches suddenly without a known cause
• You feel concerned or unsure about a new skin change
• Some skin cancers can mimic hyperpigmentation, so it’s always best to get an accurate diagnosis from a professional.

Hyperpigmentation is a common and usually harmless condition caused by excess melanin production. While it may be a cosmetic concern for many people, it can also point to an underlying issue or past skin damage. Early diagnosis and sun protection are key to managing and preventing further skin discoloration.

Contact Dr. Austin Newsome to schedule a consultation. Her office is located in Rolesville, NC. Austin Newsome, MD Dermatologist is a Castle Connelly Top Doctor. ​Castle Connolly is a trusted resource for patients seeking high-quality medical care. Physicians can’t pay to be a Castle Connolly Top Doctor. Honors are given by providing the best possible patient care and earning the respect of their associates.